Process Capability (Cp/Cpk)

Statistical measure that quantifies whether a process can consistently meet customer specifications. Cp measures potential capability (centered process), while Cpk accounts for process centering and is the more practical metric. A Cpk of 1.33 or higher indicates a capable process with margin for variation. Used in Six Sigma to prioritize improvement efforts and validate that countermeasures actually improved the process. Essential for DMAIC Measure and Control phases.