8D (Eight Disciplines)

Eight-discipline team-based problem-solving methodology developed by Ford Motor Company, widely used in automotive and aerospace industries for addressing customer complaints and recurring quality problems. The eight disciplines are: D0-Emergency Response, D1-Team Formation, D2-Problem Description, D3-Containment, D4-Root Cause, D5-Permanent Corrective Actions, D6-Validation, D7-Prevention, D8-Recognition. More reactive and customer-focused than A3, with explicit containment and verification steps.